Bellinghamgolfer.com

It is barely out of its teens, but Bandon Dunes seems to have been part of the conversation for a very long time, in America at least. How did this far-off stretch of the Oregon coastline, and the resort a Chicago businessman built there, become one of the world’s greatest golf destinations so quickly? 

(This article was written in May, seven months after visiting the site of Bandon Dunes's fifth 18-hole course - the Sheep Ranch - and a few weeks before it opened. The first section is therefore dated as the Sheep Ranch has now opened, of course. An edited version of the article appeared in the final ever issue of Golf World UK - RIP).

Two days before, the rain had poured and the wind had blown, but on this particular late-October weekend, the sky is a delicate blue, the temperature reaches the low-20s Celsius, and what wind there is adds an amusing twist to the proceedings. It is, in short, a perfect day for golf at Bandon Dunes and everyone present is having a hard time believing their luck. 
The weather is only half the story, though. Two dozen or so fortunate links-lovers are out playing the nine holes of the Sheep Ranch that are ready for play. Bandon Dunes’s next course is set to open nine months hence - on June 1^st of 2020, when 262 eager golfers will be the first to play the highly-anticipated layout - but right now, nine holes are still either in construction, being seeded, or growing in.

Golf has actually been played on the Sheep Ranch since 2000/2001, when Tom Doak built 13 greens on 105 acres of the 400-acre property Mike Keiser and business partner Phil Friedmann had purchased from an energy company that used it as a wind farm, in the mid-1990s. Keiser, of course, is the man behind the Bandon Dunes Golf Resort and it was his love of the game, adventurous spirit, determination, and money that took a wild idea very few thought could work and turned it into an extraordinarily popular golf destination that currently employs over 550 locals and to which more than 50,000 golfers travel every year.
Until now, the Sheep Ranch was never part of the resort, but an entirely separate property on which Keiser and Friedmann had at one point considered building an exclusive private club. That never happened as Keiser felt uncomfortable adding a private venture to the very public facility he had built on the other side of Whiskey Run, so the ‘course’ remained open to anybody aware that it existed, contacted its caretaker, Greg Harless, to schedule a time to meet at the swinging gate that was the entrance, and then handed over the $100 ‘green fee’.
Once out there, golfers had the freedom to create pretty much any golf course they could imagine as there were no formalized holes as such.

The old firetruck used to water the greens in the Sheep Ranch's past life.

You’d putt out and the winner of the hole would choose the destination green for the next. You could frolic on the Ranch for as long as you liked, play as many holes as you liked, and, if you liked, bring a cart-load of beers to knock back while you zig-zagged across the spectacular clifftop property. Everyone’s favourite ‘hole’ was any that ended on the amazing 20,000sqft ‘E’ Green perched on the bluff at Five Mile Point. That green will now serve two holes – the 3rd and 16th – as part of a complex, but brilliantly-conceived, routing created by Bill Coore. 
Coore and his design partner Ben Crenshaw were chosen for the job of designing the new Sheep Ranch in 2016 when Keiser and Friedmann decided it was time their property become part of the resort.  Choosing Coore and Crenshaw to design your golf course is usually an easy decision, but this time Keiser had to reject both Doak, who had built the original greens after having completed the resort’s second course – Pacific Dunes, and Gil Hanse who was once the frontrunner for the job and whom Keiser had picked to build Bandon Muni – a project he was forced to abandon in September, 2015 because of state restrictions.
“It was a potentially awkward situation,” says Coore now. “Tom and Gil are special friends who would have designed amazing courses, so I called them both to make sure there were no hard feelings.”
It was a typically classy move for a man of Coore’s integrity, and he surely justified the faith Keiser had shown in him by coming up with an exceptional design that put nine greens on the cliffs and produced a number of holes that will surely become favourites among Bandon Dunes regulars before long. 
The Sheep Ranch is actually built on what Coore describes as a ‘mixture of dirt, sand, and a heavy reddish soil called Red Shot’. “There was sand in several pockets below the heavier soils,” he adds. “We mined it and used it to construct the greens and tees, and cap some areas of the fairways.”
The course will therefore play every bit as firm, fast, and linksy as it neighbours. “All the tees, surrounds, and greens have been hydroseeded with a pure fine fescue mix,” says Eric Langford who arrived at Bandon Dunes as an intern in Spring 2016 and was named Assistant Superintendent at the Sheep Ranch last September. “While most of the fairways and rough are a mix of fescue and native turf – poa annua and bentgrass.”

The 4th green on the Sheep Ranch.

Really, the only thing that will be missing at the Sheep Ranch is sand bunkers. Some of the most artistic but unsettling bunkers in the world can be found elsewhere at Bandon Dunes but, besides the odd exposed sandy area, the Sheep Ranch will rely on the wind and grass depressions/pits to defend it. “Losing sand to the wind would have been inevitable,” says Coore. “That would have resulted in a lot of costly maintenance. And the grass bunkers are very attractive, and throw up some very interesting shots.”
Friedmann, an occasional golfer who lent Keiser a little money to build the resort’s first course but who has remained in the background ever since, is beyond excited to now be involved at Bandon Dunes. “It was always Mike’s baby,” he says. ”I loved visiting and going out to the Sheep Ranch a few times a year, but Mike and I never felt any great desire or rush to turn it into a full 18-hole course. We decided the time had come a couple of years ago, however, and I’ve really enjoyed working on the project and getting to know Bill and Ben. It’s been a labour of love, and I can’t wait to see what our visitors think of it. I’m biased, of course, but I think it could be the best course at Bandon Dunes. It will blow your mind.”

In the Beginning
The Sheep Ranch will, of course, be Bandon Dunes’s fifth 18-hole course. The first four are all ranked inside the top 20 public courses in the US by every major American golf publication – an astonishing statistic given there are over 24,000 courses in the country that anyone can play, and a testimony to the superb sites on which they were built, the quality of their design, and the excellence of the greenkeeping.
It’s hard to pinpoint exactly when and where Bandon Dunes began. Technically, it was May 2nd, 1999 when the eponymous first course opened for play, but something like it had floated around in Mike Keiser’s venturesome spirit and untethered imagination for many years before that.

A graduate of Amherst College in Massachusetts, Keiser spent a brief period in the US Navy and as a self-professed ski bum in Colorado before setting up a greetings card company with his former college roommate Phil Friedmann, in 1971. Originally called Recycled Paper Products - though not over-zealous tree-huggers, both Keiser and Friedmann had the foresight to realize the world could use a little more environmental awareness – the company started slowly in a one-bedroom apartment in Chicago, but grew quickly after signing young freelance artist Sandra Boynton in 1973. Boynton’s amusing designs soon began selling in their millions – ‘Hippo Birdie Two Ewes’ was by far the most successful – and she was joined by other big-sellers such as the Bjorkman Brothers, Kathy Davis, Dan Reynolds, and Nicole Hollander who bought her nationally-syndicated cartoon character Sylvia to the company.  
In 1991, by which time the company had become Recycled Paper Greetings, Keiser and Friedmann reported sales of $100m. By ’96, it was $140m, and the success continued well into the new century. The partners eventually sold their company in December, 2005 for a reported $250m.
A keen and able golfer, Keiser had developed a keen interest in course architecture when playing for the college golf team at Amherst. One of his regular college hang-outs was the Orchards CC in nearby Hadley, MA which was designed by Donald Ross and whose first nine holes opened in 1922.
By the time his company began taking off in the late ‘70s/early 80s, Keiser was profoundly aware that he favoured the classic, strategic design of courses like Merion, National Golf Links of America, Chicago GC where he became a member, and Pine Valley - “George Crump (the Philadelphia hotelier who founded, co-designed, and built it) was my hero” he says - over the soulless, water-infested, over-manicured, courses that so typified golf in America and which he found banal in the extreme. In 1986, he visited a friend in the UK with whom he travelled to Ireland to play the famous links – Keiser’s first experience of seaside golf. They played Royal County Down and Ballybunion, and Keiser was utterly overwhelmed. “Our golf was horrendous, but it didn’t matter,” he told Stephen Goodwin, author of the splendid Dream Golf (2006 Algonquin Books) - an ode to Bandon Dunes whose story the book describes in tremendous detail. “I’ll never forget how I felt at Ballybunion seeing the unbelievable dunes and those holes perched above the sea. I felt as though I was discovering a different game. The links were where the game started hundreds of years ago, but I asked myself what makes these course hold up today. They’re still fun and exciting to play.”
Keiser began investing in a few courses and was beginning to think about possibly owning, building, operating, or even designing one himself one day. In 1985, he paid $305,000 cash for 60 acres of sandy ground near the south-east shore of Lake Michigan in a town called New Buffalo where he owned a vacation home. He bought the property to avoid it being developed by a house-builder, though he had no grand plans for it himself. Occasionally he and his family would squeeze through the gap in the fence to play wilderness golf, but that was really all the action it saw.
Keiser became increasingly aware of the land’s potential, however, and thinking he might put it to some use, he would drive the 75 miles from Chicago at weekends with his good friend Howard McKee in order to hack away at the tangled grapevines that choked the trees.
In 1988, now fully committed to building a course on his land, Keiser hired architect Dick Nugent to lay out nine holes which opened for play the following year. Nugent and Keiser shared the same fondness for classic golf, so even when the course opened it had the look of something much, much older. It served as Keiser’s personal playground for a while but he soon formed a club which today has a 100 or so members who play about 5,000 rounds between them.

Main Man McKee
Keiser’s friend Howard McKee worked for a prestigious architectural and land-planning firm headquartered in Chicago, and had undertaken some major projects in his time like building the city of Yanbu in Saudi Arabia from scratch and helping Portland optimize its public transport system. After many years living and working in Oregon, he was now back in Chicago to plan for the 1992 World’s fair – a centennial celebration of the 1892 event which had spurred significant growth of the city. 

Three years into the assignment, it became clear the event was never going to happen, and McKee was ready to get out of the business and pursue something less demanding. His new friend, whose kids went to the same elementary school as his own, had just the job for him.
Keiser had put out feelers for a substantial property on the east coast but had heard nothing. So he asked McKee if he would help him find land on the west coast that would satisfy his specific demands – minimum of 1,000 acres, coastal, California or Oregon, sandy soil, year-round outdoor climate, ‘breathtaking’, rivers, streams, and so on. Keiser put McKee on the pay roll to the tune of $3,000 a month.
To cut a very long story short, McKee didn’t have too much trouble finding available land. Oregon’s timber industry was experiencing something of a downturn and many businesses were cutting their losses and leaving town. McKee found a 12,000-acre property near Medford for which Keiser paid $2.8m cash and on which he would lay out a golf course. But it wasn’t on the coast.
Focusing his efforts nearer the ocean, McKee found a 500-acre parcel at Pistol River and 90 acres at  Crook’s Point. But each site was either too small or too steep for the sort of thing Keiser had in mind.
It was a frustrating period. Keiser was fully resolved to forging ahead with his plan to build a links course, but the land on which to build it was proving harder to find than expected.
Then the stroke of luck, the serendipitous event that passion projects like this often need to get off the ground happened. Warren Felton, a plumber who had done some work for McKee on the homestead at Cascade Ranch and heard all about this Chicago guy’s plans to build a golf course on the coast, was called out one morning by a real estate agent named Annie Huntamer who was having some trouble with her kitchen sink. Felton told the same story he’d heard at Cascade Ranch to Huntamer who immediately thought of a 1,200-acre property up the coast near Bandon that had been on the market for some time. Felton said he thought the interested party (Mike Keiser) was a serious buyer and would be capable of meeting the $5m asking price.
Despite the fact it was a Saturday afternoon shortly before Christmas, she had never dealt with a sale of this size, and the property wasn’t listed by the agency she worked for, Huntamer called Keiser at his home in Chicago and told him all about it. If he was irritated by the time of the call, Keiser didn’t show it and he was soon making a call of his own – to Howard McKee asking him to get to Bandon asap.
McKee was 250 miles away enjoying the weekend at a central Oregon resort called Sunriver, but he managed to charter a plane and get to Bandon that afternoon. An earthy guy called Shorty Dow who had taken care of the place since 1964 gave McKee the full tour but he wasn’t terribly impressed. He reported back to Keiser, mentioning the thick layers of gorse that covered much of it, and the absurdly strong wind that buffeted the place the entire time he was there. Of course, the words ‘gorse’ and ‘wind’ perked Keiser’s interest so early in the new year, he flew out to Oregon to have a look for himself.
The gorse, bought to Bandon by an Irishman named George Bennett in 1873, would certainly take some clearing – it was literally 10-15ft thick in places and covered hundreds of acres - but Keiser didn’t take long to fall for the place. As well as the gorse and grass-covered dunes, there were stunning cliffs; wetlands; creeks; rhododendron; spruce, cedar, and pine forests; and, in the middle of it all, a collection of picturesque lakes.
After lunch, Shorty Dow took Keiser and McKee up to Back Ridge, the highest point on the property, from where Keiser could see it all with the Pacific Ocean slamming up against its western edge.
“I might have whispered something impolite,” Keiser recalls now. “The view was absolutely incredible. It’s an awful cliché, but it looked the place was meant to be a golf course.”
Keiser met with the owners in a Seattle hotel and negotiated a rather attractive deal in which his offer of $2.4m cash was accepted. It worked out at just under $2,000 an acre.
Keiser had cleared the first hurdle in buying a property large enough for his vision and which met most of his requirements. But overcoming Oregon’s strict planning laws in order to build a golf course on it would be altogether more cumbersome.
It was now that Howard McKee’s full intellect and wide range of diplomatic and technical skills became fully engaged. Over the next several years, McKee made friends with just the right governmental figures and convinced just the right state agencies that the golf resort Mike Keiser was planning would be a significant benefit to the state of Oregon and that they weren’t city slickers there to make a quick buck. In the end though, McKee felt that winning the permits basically boiled down to clearing the site of gorse, a highly combustible weed that had been largely responsible for the village of Bandon burning down in September, 1936 and the consequent death of 21 people.
“The local people consider gorse an obnoxious plant,” McKee told Goodwin shortly after the Coos County Board of Commissioners altered the county’s Zoning and Land Development Ordnance on August 21st, 1996 enabling Keiser to go ahead and build. “We were able to convince them that the best way to eliminate the threat of fire is to clear the gorse and grow grass in its place.”
In 2006, Steve Lesnik, a close advisor to Keiser during the mid-‘90s in his role as founder/CEO of Kemper Sport Management (KSM) which has operated the resort from the very start, summed up the importance of McKee’s role in gaining the State’s approval. “Howard McKee is the reason this place is so pure and Pristine,” he said. “He’s also the reason it got permitted in the first place. The environmentalists trusted him. A golf resort on the coast of Oregon? I don’t think anybody else could have gotten it done.”
McKee lost his battle with pancreatic cancer in December, 2007. He might not have had much to do with the design of the golf courses, but even now, 13 years after he passed, McKee’s influence on Bandon Dunes is still felt – especially at the pub that bears his name.  
Mike Keiser is a man of precious few words, but what he does say carries a lot of weight – his stick is fairly substantial. Asked to eulogize about what McKee means to Bandon Dunes, he is typically brief. “I did the golf and Howard did the rest. He did a pretty good job, didn’t he?” Coming from Keiser, that really says it all.

But Who Would Design the Course?
The mid/late-‘90s were boom years for the US golf industry which was gearing up for the time when waves of Baby Boomers would retire and spend the rest of their lives playing golf. Courses were opening at the rate of 400 per year, and 60% of these new-builds were tied in with retirement communities and other real estate developments. It was the era in which big-name architects signed a lot of contracts saying they would show up for the ground-breaking dedication, the opening day ceremony, and maybe a couple more times in between. Jack Nicklaus, Tom Fazio, Arnold Palmer and Robert Trent Jones Jr. built 100/200/300-course portfolios and heavy machinery belonging to construction companies like Wadsworth and Landscapes Unlimited seldom stopped moving.   
Not surprisingly, Keiser wasn’t a fan. He certainly would not be using this design-on-an-office computer approach to get his course built. One of Steve Lesnik’s proposals when carrying out his feasibility studies in the area had actually been to develop the west coast’s version of Myrtle Beach (coastal town in South Carolina known for its high-volume golf scene with 100+ courses) which suggests he didn’t know Keiser very well at the time.
Keiser considered rehiring Dick Nugent, but he was getting on in years and probably wasn’t a good fit. He asked Golf Digest Architecture Editor Ron Whitten who reluctantly said no. Rick Summers, a friend from the business world who had worked with Nicklaus was prepared to set up a meeting, but Keiser wasn’t interested. “I knew that if I hired someone like Jack, I would have very little say in how my course turned out,” says Keiser. “I wanted to be involved, and that was less likely to happen if I’d chosen a big-name guy.”
Summers had also worked with a Scottish company named Gleneagles Golf Developments (GGD) whose mission was to develop Gleneagles-style resorts around the world. As a result of this association, Summers had got to know Jimmy Kidd, the former Estates and Golf Courses Manager at the famed Scottish resort. Would Keiser be interested in speaking with him at all?
Absolutely. Even though the sensible thing to do on a site five hours drive from the nearest population centre would be to hire an architect everyone had heard of, Keiser was far more intrigued by the prospect of working with a Scottish designer very few had.

Jimmy Kidd went to Oregon in October, 1994 accompanied by his son David. Far from tagging along to see a bit of the world with his dad, however, David was there very much in a professional capacity. Having grown up around golf and after graduating from Writtle College, a land-sciences/agricultural/landscape architecture college in Chelmsford, Essex, David McLay Kidd was preparing to be a golf course architect. He worked briefly for English course architect Howard Swan, and in 1991, at the age of 24, was made the Director of Design for GGD. Now 27, young Kidd was headed to a remote part of the USA’s west coast to meet a Chicago businessman who owned what appeared to be 1,000 acres of gorse.
Despite the untamed flora, the site’s location, and the fact the owner had very little experience at this sort of thing, the Kidds immediately saw the potential of the place. They were aware the project made little sense from a commercial standpoint and there were absolutely no guarantees, but they were  exhilarated to be there.
“The excitement was there from the very first visit,” says Jimmy Kidd. “We were a little skeptical that we could build the Scottish links course that Mike wanted in America, but it was a thrilling prospect.”
Jimmy and David settled in at the $29/night Sea Star Motel and began clearing paths through the gorse. They worked furiously, eager to see what contours lay underneath. It was incredibly difficult given how little of the ground he could actually see, but David devised a routing which the boss approved of (only one of the holes that were eventually built bears any resemblance to the holes on the initial plan – the 17th).
In November, now back in England, David drew up the plan in more detail, adding construction costs, expenses, and fees. He sent it off to Keiser expecting it to be the starting point of weeks, if not months, of heavy negotiation. As we’ve seen though, Keiser likes to keep it short. “Your proposal of November 11, 1994 is fine,” he replied. “Let’s begin.” 

Bandon Dunes Exceeds Expectations
Kidd was involved in another GGD project – Gokarna Forest in Nepal - in 1995, but permitting laws were somewhat less demanding in Nepal than they were in Oregon so the job was completed relatively quickly (if you ever find yourself in Nepal, be sure to play this incredible course with views of the Himalayas and a number of unforgettable holes). That enabled him to continue clearing gorse and refining the routing at Bandon Dunes even though McKee hadn’t yet won the permits. “Mr. Keiser was so certain Howard was going to come through, he instructed us to keep working,” says Kidd.
The gorse disappeared slowly and holes began to emerge - the short 12th hole at first followed by the rest of the back nine. Kidd built a solid team of shapers, construction guys, and turf experts around him that included his father who played a role in the initial routing plans and turf selection, the Russell brothers - Troy and Tony – locals who could turn their hands to pretty much anything (Troy would eventually become the course’s Superintendent), bunker builder Roger Sheffield, Construction Supervisor Pete Sinnott who had worked with Keiser at the Dunes Club in Michigan and whose company ServiceScapes would build Bandon Dunes, and lead shaper Jim Haley who had previously worked 11 years for Rees Jones and whose work on the greens and James Braid-inspired bunkers at Bandon Dunes convinced Jimmy Kidd the course would turn out well. “After all the gorse was gone and I’d seen Jim shape the 17th green, I felt very confident the course would be everything Mike hoped it would be,” he says.
Once the permits were in place, there was very little to slow the momentum Kidd and his crew had created. Disagreements between Kidd and Sinnott were unfortunate certainly but not disastrous, though there was one issue that Keiser felt needed serious attention. He wanted a course with 18 fantastic holes, but felt one or two on the front nine just weren’t going to cut it. Kidd worked tirelessly to improve the holes in question, but what he really needed were a few more acres.
Keiser had been eyeing the land immediately to the north for some time but the owner, a California lawyer who ran a horse farm there, refused to sell. Keiser was desperate though, even to the point of hiring a private detective to find out more about his adversary. It wasn’t long before news filtered through that he was in the process of declaring bankruptcy and Keiser pounced, offering $2.3m for the 400 acres, a deal the guy was in no position to refuse.
With the extra land, Kidd was now able to make the necessary improvements. The green at the bewitching 4th hole moved much closer to the ocean, the incredible Par 4 5th which runs north close to the cliff’s edge became possible, and the gorgeous short 6th sat there waiting to be found. The addition of these superlative holes appeased Keiser who signed off on what was an incredible routing.
Construction began in September 1997, and the course was complete by June of the following year.
Kidd and his team had certainly done their job, the course was magnificent. Now it was time for Keiser and Josh Lesnik, Steve’s 29-year-old son whom Keiser had appointed as the first General Manager, to sell the place.
Having already spent upwards of $10m on land, the permitting process, architect fees, golf course and Lodge construction, and the resort’s infrastructure, Keiser didn’t apportion much money to advertising. His alternative was to send a card with a picture of the 12th hole (the first Bandon Dunes image shot by Wood Sabold whose photographs of the courses would grace magazine articles, books, cards, posters, etc. for more than 20 years) to writers and other prominent people within the industry. It worked like a charm.
“We had writers come from every major publication in America,” says Keiser. “And they all gave us phenomenal reviews. They hadn’t seen anything like this in the US.” Golfweek ranked it tenth best modern course in the country, before it had even opened. Others compared it to Ballybunion and Cypress Point.
Even so, Lesnik and KSM were projecting some underwhelming first-year numbers. A successful new course in a populated area might record 25,000 rounds, they thought. One so far away from civilization in a place that saw more than its share of wind and rain, and which had made the decision to be walking-only, might get half that. They set their year one projections at 12,466 rounds with a green fee of $35.

The course opened on May 2nd 1999, a couple of months before the 21-guest room/two-bar/restaurant/pro-shop Lodge (there are now 17 single rooms and three four-bedroom suites. The Lily Pond Cottages opened later in the year) – the resort’s first accommodations - when all but one of the 200 golfers who had signed up for the privilege of being the first green fee-payers to play it turned out, despite persistent rain. And the flow of Keiser’s ‘retail golfers’ continued throughout the following 12 months. Instead of 12,466 rounds, Bandon Dunes actually recorded 22,000 at a green fee of $100. It was a remarkable first year that few could have predicted.
Two decades on, David McLay Kidd recognizes the effect Bandon Dunes had on his career. “It completely changed the trajectory of my life,” he says. “Professionally, it launched my career at a very young age. I was an unknown, although my father was well-known in Europe. I had played, studied, and worked around golf my entire childhood. I’d soaked up the wisdom of dozens of Scottish greenkeepers, and Bandon Dunes gave me the opportunity to express that knowledge on their behalf, or at least that’s how it felt.” Kidd admits the immediate success came as a shock which he didn’t quite know how to handle. “It gave me a modicum of celebrity status that I wasn’t prepared for,” he says. “I was afforded so many opportunities, and I was a little overwhelmed as I tried to ride a wave I thought would run out fairly quickly.”

Tough Second Album
Probably the only person even slightly distressed about Bandon Dunes’s initial success was Tom Doak. The young American who had worked under Pete Dye for three years after graduating from Cornell University with a degree in Design and Landscape Architecture, wanted the Bandon Dunes job badly and must have been astonished when Keiser awarded it to an unknown Scot who hadn’t designed a single course.

Doak’s first solo effort – High Pointe in Williamsburg, Michigan – opened in 1989. It clearly betrayed his fondness for unadorned, lay of the land courses and loathing of the sort of insipid architecture that had permeated American golf for decades. After a couple more of his courses opened demonstrating a similar philosophy, Doak’s approach became known as ‘minimalism’ – a term associated with moving very little dirt in construction of a new course (though Doak does concede that a significant amount may need to be moved to connect holes). 
On the surface, Doak appeared to be the ideal designer for the sort of course Keiser wanted to build. But there was a snag. Having criticized many of his fellow architects’ work in print, Doak was regarded as something of a liability and too much of a risk. It was probably a wise decision. Doak had contributed dangerously blunt architecture articles to Golf Magazine between 1980 and 1993, and distributed 40 copies of his soon-to-be controversial ‘Confidential Guide to Golf Courses’ to friends in 1988 in which he described Jack Nicklaus’s course at Sherwood in California as ‘classic Nicklaus overkill’ and Tom Fazio’s greens at White Columns CC near Atlanta as ‘absolutely vapid – “They were clearly designed to impress the worst stereotype of the typical Atlanta yuppie golfer," he added.
In Dream Golf, Keiser says Doak just had too many negatives, but he admired his skill and determination, if not his attitude, and was certain he wanted to give Doak his chance one day.
In 1997, with construction at Bandon Dunes about to begin, Keiser travelled to Michigan and met with Doak at the Alister Mackenzie-designed Crystal Downs. There, Keiser assured Doak he would build the second course.
Doak had the use of most of the 400-acre parcel north of the first course that Keiser had purchased in 1997. His right-hand man was Jim Urbina, a skilled shaper and dozer-operator with an extensive knowledge of, and intense appetite for, great course architecture. The two had first got their hands dirty working for Pete Dye at Plum Creek GC outside Denver, Colorado in 1983, and when Doak left to design his own courses in 1986, Urbina went with him.
Pacific Dunes, the name of the second course, would be their chance to shine. The site was incredible - full of interesting features and appealing contours, and the project went about as smoothly as it could, especially after a major fire on the night of September 29^th, 1999 just as construction was beginning wiped the ground clear of gorse. “If a destructive fire can ever be a good thing, that was it,” says Doak. “Mr. Keiser had been unsure of when to begin work on the second course, but the fire kind of made his decision for him. He really didn’t want to give the gorse a chance to grow back, so he decided to go ahead.”
Doak just found interesting holes wherever he looked, and it wasn’t until he and Keiser had agreed on a final routing that Doak realised how unorthodox the holes’ arrangement was. The front nine had a single Par 5 and solitary Par 3 while the back possessed three of each including back-to-back Par 3s at the 10^th and 11^th. “In the end we decided great golf holes were more important than a conventional configuration,” says Doak.
Consultant turf expert Dave Wilber, recently arrived from working on Kingsbarns in Scotland, played an important role in optimizing the course’s turf and managing the soil/sand (he was also involved at the Sheep Ranch). “The first course proved useful,” he says. “David and Jimmy Kidd had chosen grasses very well for Bandon Dunes. We looked at some different cultivars but the overall concept was much the same.” Wilber sought to identify the best sands on some of the interior dunes that needed to move on to the more wind-blown areas. “And we wanted to avoid creating catch basins and really use the overall drainage properties of the sands.
The acclaim for Pacific Dunes was instant. It didn’t take long for it to overtake its predecessor in the rankings, in fact, and today it sits behind only Pebble Beach in virtually every publication’s list of the best public courses in the US. Doak had more than lived up to his billing, and his stock soared along with that of his company Renaissance Golf. The holes along the cliffs – 4th, 11th, 13th - are the obvious highlights of a truly outstanding layout, but a number of the inland holes – 2nd, 6th, 7th, 16th, 17th – are every bit as good.
“I don’t want to steal the words of Harry Colt who described Swinley Forest as his least bad course,” says Doak. “But that’s how I feel about it. I still wouldn’t change a thing.”

Bill and Ben’s Turn

In June 1995, a course called Sand Hills opened on the barren, remote, desolate Nebraska Sandhills, 300 miles west of Omaha - the nearest town with a sizeable population. Designed by Bill Coore and Ben Crenshaw, and owned by a developer named Dick Youngscap, the course was among the first to take advantage of the area’s incredible natural dunes formed roughly 8,000 years ago, and it triggered a mini construction boom that saw the addition of Awarii Dunes, Bayside, Wild Horse, two courses at Dismal River, and two (three with the 10-hole Par 3 course) at the Prairie Club.
Though extremely private with fewer than 200 members, Sand Hills’s fame spread quickly and it was soon ranked within America’s ten best courses. Mike Keiser was an early investor sending Youngscap a cheque sight unseen, and he monitored the club’s success with great interest. His Oregon resort would not be private, but the Sand Hills story did make clear two very important details that concerned him – if it was good enough the course could be highly-acclaimed and profitable no matter where it was located, and minimalist architecture was definitely a thing and Bill Coore & Ben Crenshaw were masters in the art.
It certainly would have made sense were Keiser to hire the Texas duo to design Bandon Dunes. But the timing wasn’t right. Bill and Ben were focused on Sand Hills, and Keiser wanted to avoid looking like he was simply copying Youngscap. So he dismissed the idea, hiring Kidd and GGD instead. Then came Pacific Dunes which he had promised to Tom Doak. When the opportunity to build the third course arose, Keiser had no doubt who he wanted to design it.
Just as the success of Bandon Dunes had hastened the arrival of Pacific Dunes, so the success of the second course accelerated the need for a third. The first two courses were recording an incredible 80,000 rounds a year between them by 2004, prompting Keiser to set the ball rolling on Coore and Crenshaw’s first venture at the resort.
Though he was certainly eager to sign them, Keiser warned Coore the site would not be on the ocean but rather inland, in the forest to the southeast of the lodge.
“I told Mike I’d be happy to come and have a look,” remembers Coore. “So I went out there and spent a few days just wandering. I thought the site was very interesting. I knew it would be difficult to repeat the success of the first two courses because it wouldn’t be on the ocean but I thought there was enough interest to make a great course.”
The thinking, initially, was that all 18 holes would be in the forest east of Back Ridge, but Coore walked over some mesmerizing dunes and a fetching meadow-like area to reach the forest on his daily walk, and he wanted to include all of it.
“It would be a journey – from dunes to meadow to forest, back to meadow and finishing in the dunes. Had it finished in the forest, it wouldn’t have worked nearly as well as it does. As you play the 1st, you can see the 18th in the dunes to you left, so you know you’re coming back eventually. Some great courses travel through different environments, some bad ones do too. There are plenty of great courses that play over a single environment, bad ones too. Bandon Trails was one of the most beautiful, diverse, and interesting sites we’ve ever worked on.”
It opened in June 2005 but, not surprisingly perhaps, took a while to catch on. The quality of the design was beyond question, but its location meant it was unlikely to be as popular as its neighbours. Coore expected as much but was confident it would gain recognition in time. “I knew it would be perceived as ‘the third course’ and lose points for not being a links like the others, but I also believed it would rise in people’s estimation through the years.”
He’s right, of course. The resort doesn’t reveal the course popularity rankings, but through word of mouth and comments on social media, it’s evident the four 18-hole courses share about the same level of support. One of Trails’s biggest fans is Fox Sports and PGA Tour Live commentator Shane Bacon. “I just feel a real peacefulness out there,” he says. “It's a serene walk, and the whole journey is a build-up. Certain holes feel so different to anything else at the resort. It would be an amazing place to just walk without clubs. It’s just very special.”

Doak Returns

By 2008, Bandon Dunes Golf Resort comprised three excellent courses and five lodging options – The Lodge and Lily Pond Cottages (1999), Chrome Lake Lodge (2002), Grove Cottages (2005), The Inn (2008), but Keiser wasn’t done yet. Not even close. He had purchased another 1,925 acres (cash, of course) in 2003, and had been struck by the idea of building a tribute to Charles Blair MacDonald, the first US Amateur champion (1895) and a course designer who had studied at St. Andrews University. Macdonald was widely considered the ‘Father of American Golf’, and Keiser had long admired his courses. Keiser’s homage would include the template holes Macdonald regarded as ideal, and which had been inspired by holes he had seen during his trips to Britain and France between 1902 and 1906. Besides Doak, Jim Urbina would be an important part of the design team which also included Macdonald historian George Bahto, Karl Olson the then Superintendent at National Golf Links of America (Macdonald’s best-known course), and Golfweek Architecture Editor Brad Klein.
It opened in June 2010 on gloriously open, undulating ground north of Pacific Dunes. Old Macdonald was the first course at Bandon Dunes to  be grassed entirely with fescue – no poa annua or colonial bent. The fairways are particularly firm as are the huge, rolling greens than run typically smooth and quick. Outstanding holes include the Par 4 3rd where a lone Port Orford Cedar known as the Ghost Tree guards the left side of the fairway, the 7th which climbs to a clifftop green, the Biarritz green 8th, the Road Hole 11th, short Redan 12th, and the awesome Alps rendition at the 16th. 

Short and (Very) Sweet
When walking from the Lodge out to the site for Bandon Trails in 2003, Bill Coore had traversed some epic dunesland which he knew he wanted to use somehow and somewhen. He couldn’t make it work for Bandon Trails, but when Keiser contacted him in 2011 about the prospect of building a Par 3 course, they both knew exactly where it would be located. “That narrow stretch of dunes just to the south of Cut Creek was just perfect for a collection of great short holes,” says Coore. “Mike said he didn’t want nine or 18 holes, or any 200-yarders.” The result is a 13-hole course measuring 1,609 yards, the longest hole 150 yards, the shortest 63.
Proceeds from Bandon Preserve which opened in July 2012 go to the Wild Rivers Coast Alliance which Keiser founded to fund projects committed to preserving the South Oregon coastal environment.
Tom Doak’s wild, two-and-a-half-acre putting green - the Punchbowl, joined the party in May 2014.
We should also mention Shorty’s, a fun Par 3 course close to the enormous practice ground and named after Shorty Dow who proclaimed himself the ‘mayor, governor, and sheriff of the Bandon Dunes property. It was designed by David McLay Kidd.

Agronomist Extraordinaire  
No Bandon Dunes article is complete without mentioning the Director of Agronomy Ken Nice who began as assistant superintendent at Bandon Dunes in March 1999 and who has been at the resort ever since. Nice moved from his role at the first course to construction superintendent at the second (Pacific Dunes), then oversaw construction at the third (Bandon Trails). He did the same at Old Macdonald before being made the Director of Agronomy responsible for all the courses. Nice sees no reason why he would ever move. “Why would I?” he asks. “I’ve been incredibly fortunate to have the greatest job in the world. I’ve made some great friends down the years – David, Tom, Jim, Bill, Ben, Mr. Keiser of course, and so many others. It’s been an amazing run so far. There’s no better place on Earth.”

Bandon Dunes started strong 21 years ago, and just kept getting better and better as the years went by. Besides Mike Keiser, without whose vision the coastline north of Bandon would probably still be covered in gorse and of benefit to no one, and Howard McKee whose expertise and diplomacy allowed Bandon Dunes to happen, one of the most important figures behind the resort's success has been Scotland’s David McLay Kidd who came to Oregon in 1994 as an unknown and designed a course so good it triggered his rise to prominence and spurred the evolution of what became America's greatest golf resort. 
Kidd says he is often asked by course owners how they can make their own properties as successful as Bandon. He replies there’s really no great secret. “Its success is a product of characteristics as obvious as the nose on your face,” he tells them. “It’s raw, pure, natural, sincere, and uncontrived. It’s real. In an effort to attract customers, owners often quickly dilute what they have into something phony or false. Golfers yearn for something unique and authentic, like Bandon Dunes."

(All photos by me, Wood Sabold, and courtesy of Bandon Dunes Golf Resort. It should be fairly obvious which images are mine and which were taken by professionals.)